With the availability of an Arduino board, most likely after learning how to create your first circuits, you will certainly want to utilize your board to control a motor. Among the wide selection of motors that you can use:
Introduction
- DC motors
- Stepper motors
- Servo motors
Is the motor shield compatible with the UNO R3 or Mega R3? What about the extra pins? The motor shield is compatible with the R3 UNO and MEGA. The R3s have 2 extra pins on each header. These are duplicates of other pins on the header and are not needed by the shield. I'm using a 4WD robot platform and I can't get anything to work. A stepper motor to satisfy all your robotics needs! This 4-wire bipolar stepper has 1.8° per step for smooth motion and a nice holding torque. The motor was specified to have a max current of 350mA so that it could be driven easily with an Adafruit motor shield for Arduino (or other motor driver) and a wall adapter or lead-acid battery.
There are many specific tutorials according to the type of motor and of their voltage.
But how can I practice with all these motors, using less material as possible and keeping myself in a situation that is as general as possible?
Adafruit has recently made the second version of a board shield for Arduino: the Adafruit Motorshield v2 board.
This board allows you to drive and control all three types of motors (only low-power motors). And with only one board you can control at the same time:
- 4 DC motors
- 2 stepper motors
- 2 servo motors
But actually, this board is a stackable shield that uses the I2C protocol to cominicate with Arduino. Thus, it is possible to use several boards of the same type, mounting them, one above the other, each set with its own I2C address. Therefore with this stack configuration it is possibile to control a unlimited number of motors from a single Arduino board.
The Adafruit Motorshield v2 board
The core of this shield is the motor driver chip Toshiba TB6612FNG (here you can find all the technical specifications). In the following figure you can see it in the middle of the board.
Per programmare questa scheda mediante l’IDE di Arduino è disponibile una libreria specifica per questa versione.
The Adafruit Motorshield v2 library
To use the shield on an Arduino, you’ll need to install the Adafruit Motorshield v2 library. You can download it from:
Note: be careful, because available on line there is the AF_Motor library which is used for v1 shields and it is not compatible with the new Motorshield v2.
You can recognize the right library because it is so structured:
From the github site you can download the Zip file containing the library. Extract the content and copy it within the directory:
C://users/myname/My Documents/Arduino/libraries
Now if you run the Arduino IDE, you will find the Adafruit Motorshield examples loaded into it.
As you can see from the list, the library comes with a set of examples.
DC Motors
You can start working with DC Motors. The Adafruit MotorShield can control up to 4 DC motors, powered by 5-12V.
Plug the shield into the Arduino and connect a DC motor to motor port 1 (M1). It does not matter which wire goes into which terminal block as motors are bi-directions. Connect to the top two terminal ports; do not connect to the middle pin (GND). See the photo below for the red and blue wire example. Be sure to screw down the terminal blocks to make a good connection.
There are two ways to apply power to the motor:
1) You can power the Motorshield and the DC motor via the DC Barrel Jack or USB port and insert the VIN Jumper shown as the tall black handle right next to the green Power LED below.
If the Green LED isn’t lit up brightless, do not continue. The power supplied by the Arduino board is not enough, so you need to connect the motorshield as shown in the following way.
2) You can power the Motorshield and the DC motor via the 5-12V-DC motor power terminal port, the double terminal block next to the green Power LED. Don’t forget to remove the VIN jumper.
In the IDE, load and run the following example: File->Example->Adafruit_MotorShield->DCMotorTest
You should see and hear the DC motor turn on and move back and forth, each time first accelerating and then decelerating. If you attach a slip of tape as a flag, you can see the movement just described.
Now let’s analyze the code of the example.
First, it is necessary to include the libraries:
2 4 | #include |
The Wire library
This library allows you to communicate with I2C/TWI devices. On the Arduino board, there are two pins dedicated to the I2C protocol: A4 for the SDA (data line) and A5 for the SCL (clock line).
The first thing to do is to create the Motorshield object:
2 4 | #include |
Then, you need to declare an Adafruit_MotorShield object:
2 4 | #include |
The Wire library
This library allows you to communicate with I2C/TWI devices. On the Arduino board, there are two pins dedicated to the I2C protocol: A4 for the SDA (data line) and A5 for the SCL (clock line).
The first thing to do is to create the Motorshield object:
Once you have done the connection you are ready to use the code.
There is an example provided from the library to use this type of motors.
In the IDE, load and run the following example: File->Example->Adafruit_MotorShield->StepperTest
If you run the code, the stepper motor moves forward and backward in a similar manner of what we have seen with the DC motors.
Let’s analyze the code. First you need to include the libraries.
2 4 | #include |
Then, you need to declare an Adafruit_MotorShield object:
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